Islamic society

This chapter is about the the end of empire and rise of Islam. Islam is the school of those who fight against colonialism. The Islamic movement met its first saboteur in the Jewish people, who are at the source of all the anti Islamic today. Islam has percepts for everything that concerns man and society. In 21st century, people always judge Muslim as a terrorist because of Osama bin laden, whose al Qaeda organization launched the attacks on the United States on September 11 2001. This is a really bad influence on Muslim community. They are not exactly like media is showing to the world. Now, its important for American Muslims to clarify the fear and mistrust towards Muslims.

Sources on Communism

Most of the communist dictator had a really bad childhood years. Like Joseph Stalin, who was a successful communist dictator had a brutal and abusive father, trained for the priesthood as a young man. He rose as a leader of Communist Party after the death of Lenin in 1924. By 1929 he has all the power on his hand. Stalin appeared before a high ranking party officials and give a report on the achievements of the first five year plan and what he did was impossible for others. He made USSR into an industrial and powerful country. 

In China, every young kid wanted to be the girl in the poster art in Mao's China. These propaganda posters, which were found in homes, schools, workplaces, railway stations and elsewhere. The artists who created these images were under the strict control of Communist party officials and were expected to use their skills to depict the party's leader. During the cultural revolution of 1966-1976, the supporters of Chairman Mao were increasing as a result the Portraits, statues, and Mao badges were produced. 

Empires in Collision

Just at looking at the tittle, i think the chapter will about Europeans, Middle Eastern and East Asians fighting within themselves. There were empires such as Ottoman Empire which is in Iran, Ethiopia and Siam which is in Thailand and many more. By, the start of the 19 century many of the great empire were collapsing and China's long established imperial state had collapsed, and the country had been transformed from a central presence in the global economy to a weak and dependent participant in a European dominated world system in which Great Britain was the major economic and political player. 

It was a stunning reversal of fortune for a country that in Chinese eyes was the civilized center of the entire world in their terms, the Middle Kingdom. Because of Chinese economy, chinese population were 100 million people in 1685 and in around 1853 population was increased to 430 million. Because of growth of population, the state was increasingly unable to effectively perform its many function, such as tax collection, flood control, social welfare and public security. 

Opium was a massive addiction problem in China. It was recognized a mounting problem on any levels. Because opium importation was illegal, it had tone smuggled into china, thus flouting Chinese law. They were many many corrupted official at that period of time. Because of that addiction, it caused a serious economic imbalance. 

Introduction of of SNDs

This is reading about the history of Sister of Notre dame and the origin of the sisters. Before reading the
article, i thought that Notre dame was made by organization. Francoise and Julie Billiart were the first two sisters who started the organization as they respect all for all individuals regardless of age, sex, gender, disability or social class. And, they also provide education to the one who needed the most and help the poverty. Francoise was a refined aristocrat and raised by her maternal grandparents. She was born in 1756. From her childhood, she always wanted to help the poor, weak and one who need help the most. She did not want to live the aristocrat way.
            Julie Billiart was raised completely opposite comparing to Francoise. She was raised in a small cottage in the village of cuvilly. Her family was neither belonged to First estate nor the second, they were considered as a laborers of France. So, many family tragedy happened throughout Julie's life when she was raised up. Their shops were robbed and they almost bankrupted. When she was in twenties she was diagnosed by multiple scleroses.
              Julie Billiart and Francoise met first time in Amiens around 1794. Their friendship was developed during the winter of 1794 and the spring of 1795, while both were resident of Blin home in Amiens. Each of them were benefited by each others company. Later, Julie serve Francoise as a spiritual advisor. Julie and Francoise co found the new order of SND on February 2, 1804.

Slavery Abolition

The tragedy of the human race stopped around 1780 to 1890 as a transformation of human affairs as slavery was largely ended in many parts of the world. The slavery was mainly stopped because it was considered as a crime in the sight of God by those religious believers. Later, people realized that slavery was not only morally wrong but also a politically unwise. The different kind of thinking like secular, religious, economic came together to a abolitionist movement which was most powerful in England.Abolitionist movement was a movement where people protest and pressure the government for stope slave trade. In the late eighteenth century, the movement was so successful and gained many supporters. Some protest include boycotts of slave-product and numerous petitions to Parliament. But, the slave trade still continued in many part of Europe and both European and African, who together shipped million of slaves to Cuba and Brazil even after the trade had been declared illegal. The end of the Atlantic slavery during nineteenth century was the turning point in the slave trade. But, the slave who were freed, did not live the life that others live. They suffered a lot even after they were freed.

Birth of Modern science

The breakthrough of the scientific revolution occur first in Europe as europe's historical development as a fragmented civilization gave rise to scientific enterprise. By twelfth and thirteenth centuries, europeans  had a legal system that church,school, universities had a variety of independence. Also, the abundance of university and school makes european produced more scientist. The schools such as Oxford, Cambridge and Salamanca are example of schools where students have full independent for any research and study.
              Science has a big affect on cultural revolution throughout the world. Educated europeans had a view of the world that derived from Aristotle. The scientific revolution came from the Polish mathematician and astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus, whose famous book on the revolution of the heavenly spheres was published in the year of his death in 1543. Isaac Newton, the Englishman who made the modern law of motion and mechanics, which remained unchanged until the twentieth century.
        Scientific Revolution spread globally, and becoming the most widely sought and was far more desired than Christianity,socialism and democracy. Interest in European scientific thinking within Asian society was enormous.

The voice of the slave

This is about individual journey of the slaves and how their journey went through. Slaves like Olaudah
Equiano Born in Nigeria was once a free man. Equino was seized away from home when he was around eleven years old. He was sold into Atlantic slave trade. He served for three owners and was able to learn how to read, write and traveled as a seaman of his master's ship. He later got freedom around 1766. He became such a important person to fight against slavery. He published a book in 1789.
         Slave trade was a nightmare for people like Equiano and many others. But for europeans it was just a business. In some cases, Africans rulers welcomed slave traders as early as 1480s as the rulers imagined that they will be benefited by the slave traders with their regime. African leaders also converted to Christianity and also several africans were sent to Europe for education. But, none of this worked as planned.